| I am in the process of making a home for myself and my family in San Pedro la Laguna, on Lake Atitlan, Guatemala, the most beautiful lake in the world. My wife and step daughter are from Managua. I have lived for long periods of time, off and on, in El Salvador and Mexico as well. From a lower middle class home which put little emphasis on education, I am an example of someone who successfully used college, and especially graduate school, as a radical process of individuation. I have worked as a full time Personal Statement of Purpose Specialist for the last ten years. |
| My own research carried a very broad focus on the history of politics and ethics, especially with respect to Latin America, and, in particular, the politics of gender affairs: men, women, the relationship between public and private spheres. I am also a historian of the Cold War, and since Central America, the subject of my dissertation, was probably the most famous final chapter of that conflict, I too was involved. More recently, I am especially concerned with development in Central America, and would appreciate the opportunity to assist those who are working in the area of promoting sustainable development. In the photo above, I am with a child at the ruins of Zacaleu, en Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Here, the United Fruit Company covered the indigenous ruins with concrete, rather than restoring them as has been done or is being done with other sacred sites of our cultural heritage. At the time, during the Second World War, the U.S. based company thought that it was doing Guatemala and the world a favor. This problem is suggestive of some of the obstacles that we must overcome together in America; north and south. |

| I am a scholar who bridges two wars: the Cold War, especially as it took place in Latin America, and the new war, between what we might call radical/anti-imperialist Islam, on the one hand, and the powers allied with the United States on the other. I place this photo of myself with an M-60 U.S.-made machine gun on my web site to illustrate the principal difference for me between these two great anti-imperialist endeavors. During the Cold War, I was personally allied with the international Left, especially with respect to Central America. In this new war, I am a mere commentator. Nor do I see those who fight against the U.S. to be somehow on the 'right' side, I suppose for two reasons. First, radical Islam militates against women's freedom. Furthermore, they kill civilians completely without mercy or remorse. |
| In the photo I am holding the big gun in El Salvador, Chalatenango, in July of 1992. I was interviewing these young rebels for my doctoral dissertation. It was their suggestion to take this picture of me with the M- 60. They were kind of bored, with little to do but play ‘futbol’ and sit around waiting to turn their guns into the U.N. I am proud of the picture. In the picture I was 34. Now I am 50. |
| I was born and raised in a small town in the southern part of the state of Indiana, in the United States. In this photo I am working construction with my dad towards the end of the 1970s. I was not sure at this time what I wanted to do with my life, but I did know that I was tired of being cold and dirty. I ended up at Indiana University about a year later. Throughout the years of my undergraduate studies, I was not a distinguished student, more interested in my social than academic life, but a seeker, gravitating towards Philosophy and Religious Studies and entering a Master's program in the latter. As it came time to finish my Master's degree, I sought adventure as well, and decided to translate one of a series of documents concerning social issues written by the Catholic Bishops of Oaxaca and Chiapas México (known as the Bishops of the Southern Pacific Region). Thus, in June of 1987, I left for my first, and extensive, visit to México. |

| I studied at I.U. for both my B.A. (Philosophy) and M.A. (Religious Studies), from 1980 until 1988. I received my Ph.D. from the University of Southern California (Religion and Social Ethics) in 1995. My last undergraduate year at I.U. was also spent trying to convince myself that I would become a professional photographer. For the second year of my Master's Program, I received a Teaching Assistantship in Religious Studies. I am proud of the teaching award that was given to me in my final semester, Spring 1987. You are invited to see it if you would like: Excellence in Education Teaching Award |
| During the final year of my Master's Program at I.U., I did two very significant things that would turn out to make lasting impressions. First, I worked as a staff person at what was, at that time, 1986-87, a very small operation named MiddleWay House Shelter for Abused Women (I was the only male staff person who worked there). The 8 or 9 months that I spent there helped me to mature greatly on a human level, and inspired an intrigue with gender issues that stayed with me through my doctoral dissertation, and until today. My supervisor and friend at the woman's shelter, Eva McQueen, passed away a few years ago after a long battle with cancer; in the picture below with Ana, one of our clients. I wanted to put this up to honor her. |

| The summer of 1988 I tramped through the Guatemalan war zone in the department of Quiche. The border between Chiapas, Mexico and Guatemala is an artificial border. The folks are the same, mostly Indigenous Mayans, badly mistreated on both sides. You can get a better sense of the repression of indigenous people on my research page. Most of 1992 and part of 1993, I spent traveling through El Salvador and Guatemala. I went back to Chiapas for the summer of 1995 to see the Zapatista revolution for myself. |

| The Zapatista revolution was announced to the world on January first 1994, the day that the “Free Trade” Agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico came into force. The Zapatista “Revolution” had been in the planning stages for years. And it is still there today. The Zapatistas rose up and took several towns, most notably San Cristobal de Las Casas and Ocosingo. The Mexican army was able to drive them out within a few days but only after heavy casualities in the marketplace of Ocosingo. |
| The Zapatistas are still armed, entrenched in the Lacondon jungle, and skirmishes still occur. Numerous small towns under Zapatista control have declared themselves independent from the State Government of Chiapas and the Federal Authorities in Mexico. Scattered violence occurs intermittently. These photos, above left are popular post cards sold in the region. For my part, I worked as an observer at the peace negotiations with the government and did independent research for the book that I am writing on the history of gender relations in Mexico and Central America. |
| After Guatemala in 1988, I spent the summer in Managua, Nicaragua in 1989. It was the last year that the Left (the Sandinistas) were in power. I taught English at the National University (for free of course) because I wanted to be helpful and I couldn't think of what else to do. The percentage of male students was very low, especially in Languages. I felt guilty, being a 'gringo' with dollars in my pocket and staying at the National University with all the pretty girls while the boys were fighting in the countryside in a war created and funded by our (US) tax dollars. This made me very angry and sad. |

| One day, on the edge of campus, I was sitting under a tree crying softly; one of my few male students came up to me and told me that he wanted me to know that he thought that he knew why I was crying, and that, the pen is mightier than the sword. He was a very kind young man. Someday, I hope to contribute a little bit to proving him right. Nicaragua, like Honduras, is a desperately poor place, hot, with few tourists, for good reasons. The picture on the right is of part of my English class. On the left, the goat, the university mascot, is trying to drum up support for the fourth annual, anti-fascist, anti-imperialist encounter. |
| My Ph.D. degree was not awarded by the University of Southern California until the Fall of 1995. It took me forever. It was entitled: "Gender, Violence, and Empire in Central America" and it covered all the way from pre-columbian times until the present, which is, of course, a mammoth scope. This contributes, I am sure, to why I still have not published it, but have just kept working on it. My interest in gender dates from the last year in my M.A. program at I.U., not only from the women's shelter, but also from the fact that the resident feminist in the Religious Studies Department, Mary Jo Weaver, was my thesis director. Intrigue with gender stays with me, the politics of relations between Central American men and women. Much of these political dynamics have a lot to do with poverty. I hope to be able to begin to share my book, now entitled "Sexual Justice in Central America," with those who are interested here on the Internet, within the next year or so. I invite you to see my Ph.D. diploma from USC. PHD Diploma |

| For a variety of reasons too numerous and boring to mention, I did not get a job teaching in my field. The fact that I am a white male ( Black T-Shirt) with a special concentration in Sexism, Racism, and Third World Studies, did not help a great deal on today's job market (something which, ironically, I fully support). So, I enrolled in yet another graduate program in TESOL at the University of Illinois (1995-6). I taught Intensive English at the Language Institute and had a lot of fun with my students, who were from all over the world. |
| After I left the University of Ilinois, I had the privilege of teaching in a one year exchange program with the University of Barcelona in Spain. Next, I taught English in South Korea for a year. But, I new that my heart was in Central America. I went back to Central America, therefore, and lived for a couple of years in San Salvador, El Salvador. I ran a more-or-less successful language academy. |




| Dr. Edinger is a historian of social issues in Latin America. He generally publishes in Spanish. This link is for one of his publications in the area of Gender Studies dealing with Pre-columbian Central America: http://hcentroamerica.fcs.ucr.ac.cr/cong/mesas/cong5/docs/egen1.pdf |
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| Dr. Edinger is a historian of social issues in Latin America. He generally publishes in Spanish. This link is for one of his publications in the area of Gender Studies dealing with Pre-columbian Central America: http://hcentroamerica.fcs.ucr.ac.cr/cong/mesas/cong5/docs/egen1.pdf |
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| Robert Edinger Ph.D. Personal Statement of Purpose Specialist Since 1999 Degree: Religion and Social Ethics University of Southern California (1995) |
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